Ectopic Pregnancy- Signs & Symptoms

Ectopic pregnancy is a potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when a fertilised egg implants outside the uterus, most commonly in the fallopian tube. In rare cases, implantation may occur in the ovary, abdominal cavity, or cervix. This type of pregnancy is not viable, as the growing embryo cannot develop properly outside the uterine lining and may cause severe complications if left untreated.

How Common Is It?

Ectopic pregnancy accounts for approximately 1% of all pregnancies, but it remains a significant cause of maternal morbidity. Fortunately, early detection and intervention have greatly improved outcomes for those affected.

Signs and Symptoms

Around 70-80% of people with an ectopic pregnancy experience symptoms in early pregnancy, often within the first 6-8 weeks after conception. Symptoms can vary but commonly include:

• Abdominal pain – Often sharp or cramp-like, typically on one side of the lower abdomen.
• Vaginal bleeding – Lighter or heavier than a normal period, often with dark brown spotting.
• Shoulder tip pain – A unique symptom caused by internal bleeding irritating the diaphragm.
• Dizziness, weakness, or fainting – Due to blood loss if the ectopic pregnancy ruptures.
• Gastrointestinal symptoms – Nausea, loose stools, bloating, pain with urination or opening bowels.

When to Seek Medical Help

Any person experiencing severe abdominal pain, heavy bleeding, or signs of internal bleeding (dizziness, fainting, shoulder pain) should seek urgent medical attention. Early diagnosis through ultrasound and blood tests measuring hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) levels can help prevent complications and guide appropriate treatment.

Ectopic pregnancy is a serious but manageable condition when detected early. Awareness of symptoms and timely medical care are crucial in ensuring safety and well-being.

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3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Ectopic pregnancy. https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/maternalinfanthealth/ectopic-pregnancy.htm
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