How Safe is a Medical Abortion?

Medical abortion is widely recognised as a safe and effective method for ending an early pregnancy. Like any medical procedure, it carries some risks, but these are minimal, particularly when the process is conducted under professional guidance and within recommended guidelines.

Medical abortion has a success rate exceeding 99% when performed within the first nine weeks of pregnancy. The procedure does not involve surgery or anesthesia, reducing the risk of complications. For most people, it is a safe and private option.

 

Possible Risks and Their Frequency

1. Continuing Pregnancy (1%):

   • Rarely, the pregnancy may not terminate completely.
   • Treatment: A second medical abortion or surgical intervention may be required.

2. Retained Pregnancy Tissue (4%):

   • Some pregnancy tissue may remain in the uterus, causing prolonged bleeding or infection.
   • Treatment: Additional medication or a minor surgical procedure (Dilation and Curettage - D&C).

3. Infection (1%):

   • Bacteria may enter the uterus, leading to infection.
   • Treatment: Antibiotics; in rare cases, additional medical intervention may be required.

4. Hemorrhage (1–2%):

   • Heavy or prolonged bleeding that requires medical attention, intravenous fluids, or, in rare cases, a blood transfusion.
   • Treatment: Often managed in a hospital setting if necessary.

5. Allergic Reaction (Rare):

   • Some individuals may have an allergic reaction to the medications.
   • Treatment: Immediate medical care with antihistamines or other emergency interventions.

Who Should Avoid a Medical Abortion?

Medical abortion may not be suitable for individuals with:

• Ectopic pregnancy (pregnancy outside the uterus).
• Bleeding disorders or on anticoagulant therapy (other than Asprin)
• Certain medical conditions, such as adrenal failure or severe anemia.

Long-Term Effects on Fertility

Medical abortion does not affect future fertility if there are no complications. Individuals can conceive again as early as the next ovulation cycle.

Medical abortion is among the safest medical procedures available, with a risk profile significantly lower than childbirth. Understanding potential risks and knowing when to seek help ensures that you can make informed decisions about your care.

The information provided on this website by Aunty Jane in any format or medium, are for general information purposes only and are not intended as medical advice or as a substitute for consultation with a qualified healthcare professional. The information made available by Aunty Jane do not provide personalised medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. To the extent permitted by law, Aunty Jane disclaims all liability for any outcomes resulting from reliance on the information provided. For specific medical concerns, please consult a qualified healthcare professional.

1. Marie Stopes International Australia. "Exploring the Safety and Efficacy of Surgical and Medical Abortion." Accessed at https://www.msiaustralia.org.au/exploring-the-safety-and-efficacy-of-surgical-and-medical-abortion.
2. HealthDirect Australia. "Abortion – Surgical and Medical Options." Accessed at https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/abortion-surgical-and-medical-options.
3. Family Planning NSW. "Medical Abortion Information." Accessed at https://www.fpnsw.org.au/factsheets/individuals/abortion/medical-abortion-information.
4. World Health Organization (WHO). "Safe Abortion: Technical and Policy Guidance for Health Systems." Accessed at https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/9789241548434.
5. National Abortion Federation (NAF). "Clinical Policy Guidelines for Abortion Care." Accessed at https://prochoice.org/resources/clinical-policy-guidelines/.